Triage tool diagnostic accuracy statistics (95% CI) for predicting ICU admission (entire study period)
Tool | N* | C-statistic | Threshold | N (%) above threshold | Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV |
CRB-65 | 432 580 | 0.57 (0.57, 0.58) | >0 | 102 964 (23.8%) | 0.38 (0.36, 0.40) | 0.76 (0.76, 0.76) | 0.008 (0.007, 0.009) | 0.996 (0.996 0.996) |
NEWS2 | 433 079 | 0.72 (0.70, 0.73) | >1 | 258 643 (59.7) | 0.85 (0.83, 0.86) | 0.40 (0.40, 0.41) | 0.007 (0.007, 0.007) | 0.993 (0.993, 0.993) |
PMEWS | 438 806 | 0.71 (0.70, 0.72) | >2 | 202 335 (46.1%) | 0.76 (0.75, 0.78) | 0.54 (0.54, 0.54) | 0.008 (0.008, 0.009) | 0.998 (0.997, 0.998) |
PRIEST | 438 876 | 0.71 (0.70, 0.71) | >4 | 163 649 (37.3%) | 0.67 (0.65, 0.69 | 0.63 (0.63, 0.63) | 0.009 (0.008, 0.009) | 0.997 (0.997, 0.998) |
WHO | 437 850 | 0.63 (0.61, 0.64) | >0 | 253 355 (57.9%) | 0.77 (0.75, 0.79) | 0.42 (0.42, 0.42) | 0.007 (0.006, 0.007) | 0.997 (0.997, 0.998) |
TEWS | 432 606 | 0.66 (0.65, 0.67) | >2 | 237 482 (54.9%) | 0.75 (0.73, 0.77) | 0.45 (0.45, 0.45) | 0.007 (0.006, 0.007) | 0.997 (0.997, 0.997) |
Quick COVID | 446 084 | 0.66 (0.65, 0.66) | >3 | 36 634 (8.2%) | 0.30 (0.28, 0.32) | 0.92 (0.92, 0.92) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.02) | 0.996 (0.996, 0.996) |
*Patients with <3 parameters were excluded from analysis when estimating performance.
CRB-65, Confusion Respiratory Rate Blood Pressure Age≥65; ICU, intensive care unit; NEWS2, National Early Warning Score, version 2 ; PMEWS, Pandemic Medical Early Warning Score ; PRIEST, Pandemic Respiratory Infection Emergency System Triage; TEWS, Triage Early Warning Score.