Laboratory data and medical interventions by treatment group
| Laboratory data | Ringer’s lactate initial | Ringer’s lactate final | Normal saline initial | Normal saline final | Total initial | Total final |
| Bicarbonate, mmol/L (mean±SD) | 13.7±5.5 | 22.1±3.8 | 16.4±6.6 | 20.0±4.0 | 15.1±6.0 | 21.0±4.0 |
| Anion gap, mmol/L (mean±SD) | 27.8±9.8 | 11.9±2.7 | 23.6±7.6 | 13.0±3.8 | 25.5±8.9 | 12.5±3.3 |
| Serum lactate, mmol/L (median (IQR)) | 1.9 (1.3–4.7) | 1.4 (0.8–2.3) | 2.8 (1.8–4.9) | 3.2 (2.4–3.6) | 2.8 (1.7–4.9) | 2.1 (1.0–3.0) |
| Creatinine, µmol/L (median (IQR)) | 82.0 (59.0–270.0) | 84.0 (50.0–246.0) | 95.0 (75.0–159.0) | 76.0 (63.0–133.0) | 81.5 (64.0–158.3) | 76.0 (51.5–141.0) |
| β-hydroxybutyrate, mmol/L (median (IQR)) | 5.75 (4.14–8.95) | 0.69 (0.66–0.73) | 4.07 (2.08–6.96) | 0.12 (0.11–0.12) | 4.45 (2.40–8.58) | 0.38 (0.12–0.66) |
| Blood gas: pH (mean±SD) | 7.22±0.12 | 7.35±0.06 | 7.24±0.17 | 7.34±0.06 | 7.23±0.14 | 7.35±0.06 |
| Blood gas: pCO2
(mean±SD) | 35.0±8.6 | 39.6±6.7 | 34.7±11.6 | 39.4±6.3 | 34.9±10.0 | 39.5±6.4 |
| Blood gas: pO2
(mean±SD) | 39.1±15.2 | 47.3±19.2 | 41.9±15.2 | 47.4±19.6 | 40.4±15.0 | 47.3±19.2 |
| Blood gas: bicarbonate (mean±SD) | 17.2±6.8 | 24.0±5.4 | 17.6±7.6 | 21.8±5.6 | 17.9±7.0 | 23.0±5.5 |
| Blood gas: lactate (median (IQR)) | 2.3 (1.7–3.9) | 1.8 (1.2–2.2) | 2.1 (1.6–3.2) | 1.3 (1.1–2.5) | 2.2 (1.6–3.5) | 1.4 (1.1–2.3) |
| Serum glucose, mmol/L (mean±SD) | 29.0±12.0 | 11.5±4.0 | 26.5±9.9 | 10.1±5.2 | 27.7±10.9 | 10.8±4.7 |
| Medical intervention | Ringer’s lactate (n=25) | Normal saline (n=27) | Total (n=52) |
| Prestudy fluid administered, n (%) | 4 (16.0) | 3 (11.1) | 7 (13.5) |
| Insulin infusion administered, n (%) | 23 (92.0) | 23 (85.2) | 46 (88.5) |
| Duration of insulin infusion (hours, median (IQR)) | 15.9 (5.7–39.2) | 15.5 (6.7–36.4) | 15.7 (6.7–38.2) |
| Sodium bicarbonate administered, n (%) | 4 (16.0) | 1 (3.7) | 5 (9.6) |
| Sodium chloride 0.45% administered, n (%) | 11 (44.0) | 6 (22.2) | 17 (32.7) |
| Total amount of study fluid administered, mL (mean±SD) | 1568.0±644.7 | 1388.9±847.3 | 1475.0±754.8 |
SD (not included if n≤1).
pCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; pO2, partial pressure of oxygen.