Prehospital interventions, Vaud, Switzerland, 2018–2021
| Total (n=13 944) | Risk of death from bleeding* | |||
| Low (n=1223) | Intermediate (n=775) | High (n=403) | ||
| Prehospital interventions, n (%) | ||||
| TXA | 361 (3) | 68 (6) | 103 (13) | 86 (21) |
| Intubation | 193 (1) | 10 (1) | 85 (11) | 92 (23) |
| Vasopressor treatment | 196 (1) | 5 (0) | 58 (8) | 129 (32) |
| MICU dispatched on-site | 1996 (14) | 311 (25) | 360 (46) | 349 (87) |
| TXA if MICU dispatched | 356 (17) | 68 (22) | 108 (29) | 84 (24) |
| Transport destination, n (%) | ||||
| Trauma centre | 5710 (41) | 539 (44) | 360 (46) | 135 (33) |
| General hospital | 7909 (57) | 682 (56) | 341 (44) | 56 (14) |
| No transport (patient died on-site) | 288 (2) | 1 (0) | 74 (10) | 211 (53) |
| Type of transport, n (%) | ||||
| Helicopter | 666 (5) | 98 (8) | 113 (15) | 68 (17) |
| Ambulance | 12 953 (93) | 1123 (92) | 588 (76) | 123 (31) |
| No transport | 325 (2) | 2 (0) | 74 (10) | 212 (53) |
| Prehospital intervals (minutes), median (IQR 25–75) | ||||
| Activation interval | 4 (3–6) | 4 (3–6) | 4 (3–5) | 3 (3–5) |
| Response interval | 11 (7–16) | 11 (7–15) | 10 (6–14) | 9 (6–13) |
| On-scene interval | 25 (18–34) | 27 (20–38) | 29 (21–38) | 35 (26–49) |
| Transport interval | 13 (9–19) | 13 (8–19) | 13 (8–19) | 12 (8–17) |
| Total prehospital interval | 52 (40–67) | 55 (43–68) | 55 (42–69) | 61 (47–78) |
*Risk of death from bleeding according to the BATT score: low (BATT 3–4, risk 1%); intermediate (BATT 5–7, risk 5%); high (BATT≥8, risk 15%).
BATT, Bleeding Audit for Trauma and Triage; MICU, mobile intensive care unit; TXA, tranexamic acid.