The diagnostic utility of contrast echocardiography in patients with refractory hypoxemia
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Nitric oxide therapy for post-laparoscopic surgery associated patent foramen ovale: Incidence, mechanisms, diagnosis and therapy
2014, Heart and Lung: Journal of Acute and Critical CareCitation Excerpt :One should then immediately obtain an agitated saline contrast TTE and/or TEE to confirm or exclude intracardiac shunting. The sensitivity and specificity of contrast echocardiography for PFO with shunting is excellent; a negative shunt echo effectively excludes the diagnosis of a PFO.16,17 Interestingly, the degree of contrast shunted does not correlate with the size of the PFO or the hemodynamics.18
Interatrial right-to-left shunt after lung surgery: Diagnostic value of perfusion lung scanning
2004, American Journal of the Medical SciencesCitation Excerpt :To improve the sensitivity of the lung scan in the evaluation of suspected right-to-left shunt,11 it is advisable, therefore, that the radiotracer be injected with the patient upright or seated, especially whenever platypnea is the first respiratory complaint. Similar considerations apply to the 100% oxygen breathing test, which may prove useful in estimating the fraction of shunted blood and its changes in relation to body posture.24,25 As to the identification of the anatomic abnormality causing the right-to-left shunt, a number of imaging techniques have been proposed, including conventional angiography,1–3,5,7,13 transthoracic or transesophageal contrast echocardiography,2,6,7,10–13 and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging.6
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the critical care patient
2000, Cardiology ClinicsCitation Excerpt :Common origins include intracardiac shunting from an atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale (PFO) and intrapulmonary shunting. TEE demonstrates intracardiac right-to-left shunting using color Doppler or contrast (agitated saline) imaging.17,27 Ordinarily, a PFO allows intermittent and minimal right-to-left shunting.
Effects of mechanical ventilation with PEEP on right-to-left intracardiac shunting from a patent foramen ovale
1995, Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimationL'échocardiographie transœsophagienne en réanimation
1994, Reanimation UrgencesPlatypnea: оne more type position shortness of breath
2020, Terapevticheskii Arkhiv