Twenty of 109 children (age, one day to 14 years) with neuroblastoma studied over an eight-year period initially presented with orthopaedic complaints. Patients were grouped into four categories: hip pain, a nonspecific limp, limb weakness, or back pain. The largest group involved the hip, and their conditions were most often misdiagnosed as suppurative arthritis. The initial hemoglobin level was the most consistent laboratory finding that suggested malignancy. This anemia was contrasted to that found in 74 children diagnosed with septic arthritis of the hip that presented during the same period. The anemia in the children with neuroblastoma was much more pronounced; in retrospect, it could have suggested a malignant process early in the evaluation.