Traditional wisdom holds that intact immune responses, such as immune surveillance or
immunoediting, are required for preventing and inhibiting tumor development; but recent …

Since the beginning of the 1980s, 33 emerging tick-borne agents have been identified in
mainland China, including eight species of spotted fever group rickettsiae, seven species in …

Abstract In June 2015, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) released a Guide notice (NOT-
OD-15-102) that highlighted the expectation of the NIH that the possible role of sex as a …

Background Extracorporeal life-support as an adjunct to cardiac resuscitation has shown
encouraging outcomes in patients with cardiac arrest. However, there is little evidence about …

Tumour-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a cytokine that contributes to a variety of inflammatory
disease states1. The protein exists as a membrane-bound precursor2, 3 of relative …

CD4+ T-helper cells that selectively produce interleukin (IL)-17 (TH17), are critical for host
defence and autoimmunity,,,. Although crucial for TH17 cells in viv o,, IL-23 has been …

Rare coding variation has historically provided the most direct connections between gene
function and disease pathogenesis. By meta-analysing the whole exomes of 24,248 …

We investigated whether microRNA expression profiles can predict clinical outcome of
NSCLC patients. Using real-time RT-PCR, we obtained microRNA expressions in 112 …

Background Current staging methods are inadequate for predicting the outcome of treatment
of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We developed a five-gene signature that is closely …

CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are instrumental in the maintenance of immunological
tolerance. One critical question is whether Treg can only be generated in the thymus or can …